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Thursday, July 14, 2011

L10 The Computer as a Tutor

              COMPUTER is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1945). Early electronic computers were the size of a large room. Modern computers are based on comparatively tiny integrated circuits and are more capable while occupying a fraction of the space. TUTOR is a programming language, developed for use on the PLATO system at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign around 1965. Paul Tenczar initially designed tutor for use in computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and computer managed instruction (CMI) (in computer programs called "lessons") and has many features for that purpose. For example, TUTOR has powerful answer-parsing and answer-judging commands, graphics, and features to simplify handling student records and statistics by instructors.
             Educators saw much use of personal computer has its potential for individualization in learning, especially as individualized learning is a problem in a class that is big. Teachers therefore devised strategies to use the computer to the break the barriers to individualized instruction.

Computer Assisted-Instruction (CAI)
            It is an instructor-led, computer–based teaching aid where the use of computer in the delivery of instruction was utilized. Teacher is still responsible and plays a major role of delivering information. The Computer Assisted –Instruction, the teacher and the learners has its own important role in the used of this activity as mentioned in the following



Teachers
·Insure that students have the needed knowledge and skills for any computer activity
·Decide the appropriate learning objectives
·Plan the sequential and structured activities to achieve objectives
·Evaluate the students achievements by ways of tests the specific expected outcomes

 

                                    Learners
·Receive information
·Understand instruction for the computer activity
·Retain/keep in mind the information and rules for the computer activity
·Apply the knowledge and rules during the process of computer learning


 Computer (CAI)
·Act as a sort of tutor (the role traditional played by the teacher)
·Provides a learning environment
·Delivers learning instruction
·Reinforces learning through drill and practice
·Provides feedback



 SIMULATION PROGRAMS

                Simulation software materials are another kind of software that is constructivist in nature. This simulation software:
·Teacher strategies and rules applied to real-life problems/situation
·Ask students to make decision on models or scenarios
·Allow students to manipulate elements of a model and get the experience of the effect of their decisions

INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES
                While relating to low level learning objectives (e.g. basic spelling or math skills), instructional computer games add the elements of competition and challenge.


PROBLEM SOLVING SOFTWARE
                These allow students to learn and improve on their own problem solving ability and are it is more sophisticated than the drill and practice exercises. In this activity the students have to employ higher thinking skills such as logic, recognition, reflection, and strategy-making



MULTIMEDIA ENCYCLOPEDIA AND ELECTRONIC BOOKS
                The Multimedia Encyclopaedia can score a huge database with text, images, animation, audio and video. Students can access any desired information, search it vast contents and even download/print relevant portions of the data for their composition or presentation.
            Electronic books provide textual information for reading supplemented by other types of multimedia information (sounds, spoken words, pictures, animation). These are useful for learning reading, spelling and word skills.

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